A sphygmomanometer, also known as a blood pressure monitor or blood pressure gauge, is a blood pressure measuring device that consists of an inflatable cuff that is used to collapse and then release the artery under the cuff in a controlled manner, as well as a mercury or aneroid manometer to measure the pressure. When employing the auscultatory approach, manual sphygmomanometers are utilized in conjunction with a stethoscope.
An inflating cuff, a measurement device (the mercury manometer, or aneroid gauge), and an inflation mechanism (either a manually driven bulb and valve or an electrically operated pump) make up a sphygmomanometer.
In the year 1881, Samuel Siegfried Karl Ritter von Basch created the sphygmomanometer. In 1896, Scipione Riva-Rocci created a more user-friendly version. In 1901, pioneering neurosurgeon Dr. Harvey Cushing took an example of Riva-gadget Rocci's to the US, modified it and promoted it among the medical community. Following the discovery of "Korotkoff sounds" by Russian physician Nikolai Korotkov in 1905, diastolic blood pressure measurements were added. While working at The Life Extension Institute, which performed insurance and job physicals, William A. Baum established the Baumanometer brand in 1916. Donald Nunn created the first completely automated oscillometric blood pressure cuff in 1981.
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