Hugo Chávez was a Venezuelan politician who served as the country's president from 1999 to 2013, with the exception of a brief spell in April 2002. Chávez was also the founder and head of the political party the Fifth Republic Movement from 1997 to 2007, when it united with numerous other organizations to establish the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), which he led until 2012.
Venezuela suffered a democratic backslide during Chávez's presidency, as he repressed the press, manipulated electoral laws, and jailed and banished government adversaries. His utilization of enabling acts and the employment of propaganda by his government sparked controversy. During Chávez's administration, the country's homicide rate increased significantly, as did corruption within the police and government.
Internationally,
Chávez allied himself with Fidel and then Ral Castro's Marxist–Leninist
governments in Cuba, as well as with the socialist governments of Evo
Morales in Bolivia, Rafael Correa in Ecuador, and Daniel Ortega in
Nicaragua. His presidency was viewed as a manifestation of Latin
America's socialist "pink tide." Chávez defined his policies as
anti-imperialist, as he was a strong critic of US-supported
neoliberalism and laissez-faire capitalism.
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